Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Caliphate City of Medina Azahara' has mentioned 'Al-Andalus' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The city was built in the 10th century by Abd-ar-Rahman III (912xe2x80x93961), a member of the Umayyad dynasty and the first caliph of Al-Andalus. | WIKI |
| The city was built near Cxc3xb3rdoba, the existing capital of al-Andalus under Umayyad rule. | WIKI |
| In 756 Abd ar Rahman III's ancestor, Abd ar-Rahman I, managed to re-establish the dynasty's power in the Iberian Peninsula in the far western part of the Muslim world, known as Al-Andalus. | WIKI |
| Although independent from the Abbasids, the new Umayyad rulers in Al-Andalus, based in Cordoba, did not reclaim the title of "caliph" at this time. | WIKI |
| While Arabic and Islamic culture thrived in Al-Andalus during this period, it was still a relatively decentralized realm and the emir in Cordoba often struggled to keep different factions under control. | WIKI |
| When Abd ar-Rahman III came to power as emir in 912, he began to systematically re-establish Umayyad authority over rebel regions within his realm and reinforce his own authority across Al-Andalus through military and diplomatic means. | WIKI |
| This move may also have been in response to the rise of the Fatimid Caliphate in North Africa around the same time, which challenged the Sunni caliphs of Baghdad and also presented a threat to the interests of the Umayyad state in Al-Andalus. | WIKI |
| This is the earliest evidence of such a minaret being used in the architecture of al-Andalus, as it is older even than the minaret Abd ar-Rahman III later built for the Great Mosque in Cordoba. | WIKI |
| This suggests that there were precedents for this tradition among the Umayyad emirs of Al-Andalus. | WIKI |
| The site is a complete urban complex including infrastructure, buildings, decoration and objects of daily use, and provides in-depth knowledge about the material culture of the Islamic civilization of Al-Andalus at the zenith of its splendour but which has now disappeared. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iii): The abandoned Caliphate City of Medina Azahara, being a new city planned and built as a state initiative, attests in an exceptional way to the Umayyad cultural and architectural civilization, and more generally to the development of the western Islamic civilization of Al-Andalus. | UNESCO |