Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi' has mentioned 'Stupa' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, in Madhya Pradesh, India | WIKI |
| SanchiThe Great Stupa at Sanchi, Eastern Gateway.Sanchi StupaSanchi StupaShow map of IndiaSanchi StupaSanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh)Show map of Madhya PradeshGeneral informationTypeStupa and surrounding buildingsArchitectural styleBuddhistLocationSanchi Town, Madhya Pradesh, India, AsiaConstruction started3rd century BCEHeight16.46xc2xa0m (54.0xc2xa0ft) (dome of the Great Stupa)DimensionsDiameter36.6xc2xa0m (120xc2xa0ft) (dome of the Great Stupa) UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficialxc2xa0nameBuddhist Monument at SanchiCriteriaCultural: i, ii, iii, iv, viReference524Inscription1989 (13th session) | WIKI |
| Coordinates: 23xc2xb028xe2x80xb245xe2x80xb3N 77xc2xb044xe2x80xb223xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf23.479223xc2xb0N 77.739683xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 23.479223; 77.739683 Sanchi is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India. | WIKI |
| The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important monument of Indian Architecture. | WIKI |
| The original construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant of nearby Vidisha. | WIKI |
| The Sanchi Stupa built during Mauryan period was made of bricks. | WIKI |
| Sanchi Stupa is depicted on the reverse side of the Indian currency note of Rs 200 to signify its importance to Indian cultural heritage. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Overview 2 Maurya Period (3rd century BCE) 2.1 Ashoka pillar 2.2 Temple 40 3 Shunga period (2nd century BCE) 3.1 Great Stupa (No 1) 3.2 Stupa No. | WIKI |
| 2: the first Buddhist reliefs 3.3 Stupa No. | WIKI |
| 3 3.4 Sunga Pillar 4 Satavahana period (1st century BCE xe2x80x93 1st century CE) 4.1 Material and carving technique 4.2 Architecture: evolution of the load-bearing pillar capital 4.3 Main themes of the reliefs 4.3.1 Jatakas 4.3.2 Miracles 4.3.3 Temptation of the Buddha 4.3.4 War over the Buddha's Relics 4.3.5 Removal of the relics by Ashoka 4.3.6 Building of the Bodh Gaya temple by Ashoka 4.3.7 Foreign devotees 4.3.8 Aniconism 4.4 The Gateways or Toranas 4.4.1 Stupa 1 Southern Gateway 4.4.2 Stupa 1 Northern Gateway 4.4.3 Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway 4.4.4 Stupa 1 Western Gateway 4.4.5 Stupa 3 Southern Gateway 5 Later periods 5.1 Western Satraps 5.2 Guptas 5.3 Lion pillar No 26 5.4 Pillar 35 6 Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara 7 Western rediscovery 8 Chetiyagiri Vihara and the Sacred Relics 9 Inscriptions 10 See also 11 References 12 Literature 13 External links | WIKI |
| [5] The oldest, and also the largest monument, is the Great Stupa also called Stupa No. | WIKI |
| [5] During the following centuries, especially under the Shungas and the Satavahanas, the Great Stupa was enlarged and decorated with gates and railings, and smaller stupas were also built in the vicinity, especially Stupa No.2, and Stupa No.3. | WIKI |
| Maisey, 1851 (The Great Stupa on top of the hill, and Stupa 2 at the forefront) The Great Stupa (Stupa No.1), started in the 3rd century BCE Stupa No.2 Stupa No.3 Buddhist Temple, No.17 | WIKI |
| The "Great Stupa" at Sanchi is the oldest structure and was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka the Great of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE. | WIKI |
| [7][8] The original Stupa only had about half the diameter of today's stupa, which is the result of enlargement by the Sungas. | WIKI |
| [15] Temple 40 has remains of three different periods, the earliest period dating to the Maurya age, which probably makes it contemporary to the creation of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| Maurya structures and decorations at Sanchi(3rd century BCE) Approximate reconstitution of the Great Stupa with its pillar of Ashoka, under the Mauryas circa 260 BCE. | WIKI |
| On the basis of Ashokavadana, it is presumed that the stupa may have been vandalized at one point sometime in the 2nd century BCE, an event some have related to the rise of the Shunga emperor Pushyamitra Shunga who overtook the Mauryan Empire as an army general. | WIKI |
| It has been suggested that Pushyamitra may have destroyed the original stupa, and his son Agnimitra rebuilt it. | WIKI |
| [20] The original brick stupa was covered with stone during the Shunga period. | WIKI |
| The Great Stupa under the Sungas. | WIKI |
| The Sungas nearly doubled the diameter of the initial stupa, encasing it in stone, and built a balustrade and a railing around it. | WIKI |
| Great Stupa (No 1)[edit] | WIKI |
| During the later rule of the Shunga, the stupa was expanded with stone slabs to almost twice its original size. | WIKI |
| The railings around Stupa 1 do not have artistic reliefs. | WIKI |
| [24] Some reliefs are visible on the stairway balustrade, but they are probably slightly later than those at Stupa No2,[25] and are dated to 125xe2x80x93100 BCE. | WIKI |
| [23] Some authors consider that these reliefs, rather crude and without obvious Buddhist connotations, are the oldest reliefs of all Sanchi, slightly older even than the reliefs of Sanchi Stupa No.2. | WIKI |
| Great Stupa (No1). | WIKI |
| Shunga period structures and decorations(2nd century BCE) Great Stupa(Stupa expansion and balustrades only are Shunga).Undecorated ground railings dated to approximately 150 BCE. | WIKI |
| Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Main article: Sanchi Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Mason's marks in Kharoshti indicate that craftsmen from the north-west were responsible for foreign reliefs of Stupa No. | WIKI |
| The stupas which seem to have been commissioned during the rule of the Shungas are the Second and then the Third stupas (but not the highly decorated gateways, which are from the following Satavahana period, as known from inscriptions), following the ground balustrade and stone casing of the Great Stupa (Stupa No 1). | WIKI |
| Sunga period railings were initially blank (left: Great Stupa), and only started to be decorated circa 115 BCE with Stupa No.2 (right). | WIKI |
| Stupa No. | WIKI |
| 2 was established later than the Great Stupa, but it is probably displaying the earliest architectural ornaments. | WIKI |
| The decorations of Stupa No. | WIKI |
| 2 have been called "the oldest extensive stupa decoration in existence",[28] and this Stupa is considered as the birthplace of Jataka illustrations. | WIKI |
| [29] The reliefs at Stupa No.2 bear mason marks in Kharoshthi, as opposed to the local Brahmi script. | WIKI |
| [26] This seems to imply that foreign workers from the north-west (from the region of Gandhara, where Kharoshthi was the current script) were responsible for the motifs and figures that can be found on the railings of the stupa. | WIKI |
| Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Shunga structures and decorations(end of 2nd century BCE) Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Stupa No. | WIKI |
| The Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana, the disciples of the Buddha are said to have been placed in Stupa No. | WIKI |
| The reliefs on the railings are said to be slightly later than those of Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Stupa No. | WIKI |
| Shunga structures and decorations(2nd century BCE) Stupa No. | WIKI |
| 3(Stupa and balustrades only are Shunga). | WIKI |
| Satavahana gateways (from 50 - 0 BCE)The southern gateway of the Great Stupa (Stupa 1) at Sanchi was, according to an inscription (see arrow), donated under the rule of "King Satakarni", probably Satakarni II. | WIKI |
| [36] The inscription appears on the relief of a stupa at the center of the top architrave, at the rear. | WIKI |
| It is written in three lines in early Brahmi script over the dome of the stupa in this relief. | WIKI |
| xf0x91x80xadxf0x91x80xb8xf0x91x80x9cxf0x91x81x84 xf0x91x80xb2xf0x91x80xbaxf0x91x80xadxf0x91x80xba xf0x91x80xb2xf0x91x80xb8xf0x91x80xa2xf0x91x80x93xf0x91x80xa1xf0x91x80xbaxf0x91x80xb2 (Rxc4x81xc3xb1o Siri Sxc4x81takaxe1xb9x87isa)xf0x91x80x86xf0x91x80xafxf0x91x81x82xf0x91x80xb2xf0x91x80xa1xf0x91x80xbaxf0x91x80xb2 xf0x91x80xafxf0x91x80xb8xf0x91x80xb2xf0x91x80xbaxf0x91x80xa3xf0x91x80xbbxf0x91x80xa7xf0x91x80xbcxf0x91x80xa2xf0x91x80xb2 (xc4x81vesaxe1xb9x87isa vxc4x81sitxe1xb8xa5xc4xabputasa)xf0x91x80x86xf0x91x80xa6xf0x91x80x81xf0x91x80xa4xf0x91x80xb2 xf0x91x80xa4xf0x91x80xb8xf0x91x80xa6xf0x91x80x81 (xc4x80naxe1xb9x81dasa dxc4x81naxe1xb9x81)"Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni"xe2x80x94xe2x80x89Inscription of the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa[37] | WIKI |
| It has also been suggested that the stone reliefs were made by ivory carvers from nearby Vidisha, and an inscription on the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa ("The Worship of the Bodhisattva's hair") was dedicated by the Guild of Ivory Carvers of Vidisha. | WIKI |
| At Sanchi and most other stupas the local population donated money for the embellishment of the stupa to attain spiritual merit. | WIKI |
| This accounts for the random repetition of particular episodes on the stupa (Dehejia 1992). | WIKI |
| The Great Stupa at the time of the Satavahanas. | WIKI |
| The southern gate of Stupa No1, thought to be oldest and main entrance to the stupa,[62] has several depictions of the story of the Buddha's relics, starting with the War over the Relics. | WIKI |
| War over the Buddha's Relics, kept by the city of Kushinagar, South Gate, Stupa no.1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| This scene is depicted in one of the transversal portions of the southern gateway of Stupa No1 at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Ashoka is shown on the right in his chariot and his army, the stupa with the relics is in the center, and the Naga kings with their serpent hoods at the extreme left under the trees. | WIKI |
| Southern gateway, Stupa 1, Southern Gateway, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Stupa 1, Southern gateway. | WIKI |
| Bodhi tree temple depicted in Sanchi, Stupa 1, Southern gateway. | WIKI |
| A sculpture at Sanchi, southern gateway of Stupa No1, shows Ashoka in grief being supported by his two Queens. | WIKI |
| Foreign devotees and musicians on the Northern Gateway of Stupa I. | WIKI |
| [74] The official notice at Sanchi describes "Foreigners worshiping Stupa". | WIKI |
| Northwestern foreigners at Sanchi Foreigner on a horse, circa 115 BCE, Stupa No2. | WIKI |
| Northern Gateway of Stupa I (detail). | WIKI |
| Foreigners holding grapes and riding winged lions, Sanchi Stupa 1, Eastern Gateway. | WIKI |
| [88] Foreign horseriders, Southern Gateway of Stupa 3. | WIKI |
| Southern Gateway of Stupa 3. | WIKI |
| Western gate of Stupa 1. | WIKI |
| Stupa 1 Southern Gateway[edit] | WIKI |
| The Southern Gateway of Stupa No1 is thought to be oldest and main entrance to the stupa. | WIKI |
| Southern Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| The Southern Gateway of Stupa 1. | WIKI |
| The Southern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or toranas, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". | WIKI |
| When the gateway was restored, the top and the lowest lintels appear to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards. | WIKI |
| Each of the princes constructed a stupa at or near his capital city, within which the respective portion of the ashes was enshrined. | WIKI |
| [94] Here, in the centre of the architrave, is depicted the stupa of Ramagrama. | WIKI |
| Above the stupa are heavenly figures bearing garlands in their hands. | WIKI |
| To the right, the Emperor Asoka is approaching in his chariot, accompanied by a retinue of elephants, horsemen and footmen; and to the left, the Nagas and Nagis, in human form with serpent hoods, worshiping at the stupa, bringing offerings, or emerging from the waters of a lotus-pond. | WIKI |
| [94] An inscription on the dome of the stupa records that the architrave was the gift of one Balamitra, pupil of "Ayachuda (Arya-Kshudra), the preacher of the Law". | WIKI |
| The Siri-Satakani inscription The inscription on the dome of the central stupa reads "L. 1. rano Siri Satakanisa/ L. 2. avesanisa vasithiputasa/ L. 3. | WIKI |
| [94] When the gateway was restored, this lintel (together with the bottom one) appears to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards. | WIKI |
| [94][66] When the gateway was restored, this lintel (together with the top one) appears to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards. | WIKI |
| Stupa 1 Northern Gateway[edit] | WIKI |
| Only one atypical panel (Right pillar, Inner face/ Top panel) shows Foreigners making a dedication at the Southern Gateway of Stupa No 1. | WIKI |
| Northern Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| The Northern Gateway of Stupa 1. | WIKI |
| The Northern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or toranas, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". | WIKI |
| Perhaps, like the scene on the gateways of Stupa No3, it may represent the Paradise of Indra (nandana), where pleasure and passion held sway. | WIKI |
| Positioned as it is, in the inside panel of the gateway, the deity guards the left side of the entrance to the stupa. | WIKI |
| Right pillar, Inner face Top panel Foreigners making a dedication to Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| Probably the dedication of a stupa, but it might also refer to the death (parinirvana) of the Buddha. | WIKI |
| [102] The official notice at Sanchi reads "Foreigners worshiping Stupa". | WIKI |
| [86][87] The top of the panel show celestial divinities celebrating the dedication of the Stupa. | WIKI |
| Positioned as it is, in the inside panel of the gateway, the deity guards the right side of the entrance to the stupa. | WIKI |
| Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway[edit] | WIKI |
| Eastern Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| The Eastern Gateway of Stupa 1. | WIKI |
| The Eastern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or toranas, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". | WIKI |
| The other figures in this panel, of two novices bringing wood and provisions, are mere accessories, while the stupa in the back ground, decorated with shell designs and surrounded by a square railing, serves to give local color to the scene. | WIKI |
| Stupa 1 Western Gateway[edit] | WIKI |
| The Western Gateway of Stupa 1 is the last of the four gateway of the Great Stupa to have been built. | WIKI |
| Western Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE.) | WIKI |
| The Western Gateway of Stupa 1. | WIKI |
| The Western Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or toranas, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". | WIKI |
| This can be related to the scenes on the North Gateway and on the small gateway of the Third Stupa. | WIKI |
| Stupa 3 Southern Gateway[edit] | WIKI |
| The gateway of Stupa No 3, is the last of all the Satavahana gateways that were built at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| It is located to the immediate south of Stupa No 3, is smaller than the four gateways encircling the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| Southern Gateway(Stupa No 3, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| The gateway of Stupa No 3, located to the immediate south of Stupa No 3, is smaller than the four gateways encircling the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| This gateway stands 17 feet high, and is adorned with reliefs in the same style as those on the gateways of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| Bottom front architrave The only scene which differs materially from those on the gateways of the Great Stupa is the one delineated on the front face of the lowest architrave, which appears to represent the Heaven of Indra (Nandanavana). | WIKI |
| Stupa representing a Buddha. | WIKI |
| This choice is similar to the last of the gateways of the Great Stupa, the Western Gateway. | WIKI |
| Pillars Left pillar, Front face The variety and the detail of the pillar panels is much less than at the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| Here the first panel shows the adoration of a stupa by four Indian devotees. | WIKI |
| This can be explained by the fact that the stupa is not surrounded by a railing as in the Great Stupa, therefore rendering this rear space free. | WIKI |
| Again variety and the detail of the pillar panels is much less than at the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| The first panel however is extremely interesting, as it shows the adoration of what looks like the pillar of Ashoka at the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| The rule of the Satavahanas in the area Sanchi during the 1st centuries BCE/CE is well attested by the finds of Satavahana copper coins in Vidisha, Ujjain and Eran in the name of Satakarni, as well as the Satakarni inscription on the Southern Gateway of Stupa No.1. | WIKI |
| [115] Inscriptions of a victorious Chandragupta II in the year 412-423 CE can be found on the railing near the Eastern Gateway of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| Pillar 26: one of the two four-lions stambha capitals at Sanchi, with lions, central flame palmette and Wheel of Law (axis, stubs of the spokes and part of the circumference only), initially located at the Northern Gateway of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| [125] The Government of India Photo Division describes it in this image as "An Asoka pillar and its broken lion capital near the south gateway of the Great Stupa." | WIKI |
| Buddha Statue (Great Stupa). | WIKI |
| Seated Buddha (Great Stupa). | WIKI |
| Although the initial craftsmen for stone reliefs in Sanchi seem to have come from Gandhara, with the first reliefs being carved at Sanchi Stupa No.2 circa 115 BCE,[26] the art of Sanchi thereafter developed considerably in the 1st century BCE/CE and is thought to predate the blooming of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, which went on to flourish until around the 4th century CE. | WIKI |
| The presence of Greeks at or near Sanchi at the time is known (Indo-Greek ambassador Heliodorus at Vidisha circa 100 BCE, the Greek-like foreigners illustrated at Sanchi worshiping the Great Stupa, or the Greek "Yavana" devotees who had dedicatory inscriptions made at Sanchi[83]), but more precise details about exchanges or possible routes of transmission are elusive. | WIKI |
| The Great Stupa as breached by Sir Herbert Maddock in 1822. | WIKI |
| A Gate to the Stupa of Sanchi 1932 | WIKI |
| General Henry Taylor (1784xe2x80x931876) who was a British officer in the Third Maratha War of 1817xe2x80x931819, was the first known Western historian to document in 1818 (in English) the existence of Sanchi Stupa. | WIKI |
| The Great Stupa was clumsily breached by Sir Herbert Maddock in 1822, although he was not able to reach the center, and he then abandoned. | WIKI |
| 19th Century Europeans were very much interested in the Stupa which was originally built by Ashoka. | WIKI |
| The place of Sanchi Stupa in Indian history and culture can be gauged from the fact that Reserve Bank of India introduced new 200 Indian Rupees notes with Sanchi Stupa in 2017. | WIKI |
| Great Stupa, Eastern Gateway, in 1875. | WIKI |
| Great Stupa, Northern Gateway in 1861. | WIKI |
| Sanchi, especially Stupa 1, has a large number of Brahmi inscriptions. | WIKI |