Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi' has mentioned 'Sanchi' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| SanchiThe Great Stupa at Sanchi, Eastern Gateway.Sanchi StupaSanchi StupaShow map of IndiaSanchi StupaSanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh)Show map of Madhya PradeshGeneral informationTypeStupa and surrounding buildingsArchitectural styleBuddhistLocationSanchi Town, Madhya Pradesh, India, AsiaConstruction started3rd century BCEHeight16.46xc2xa0m (54.0xc2xa0ft) (dome of the Great Stupa)DimensionsDiameter36.6xc2xa0m (120xc2xa0ft) (dome of the Great Stupa) UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficialxc2xa0nameBuddhist Monument at SanchiCriteriaCultural: i, ii, iii, iv, viReference524Inscription1989 (13th session) | WIKI |
| Coordinates: 23xc2xb028xe2x80xb245xe2x80xb3N 77xc2xb044xe2x80xb223xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf23.479223xc2xb0N 77.739683xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 23.479223; 77.739683 Sanchi is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India. | WIKI |
| The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important monument of Indian Architecture. | WIKI |
| Sanchi was also her birthplace as well as the venue of her and Ashoka's wedding. | WIKI |
| Sanchi is the center of a region with a number of stupas, all within a few miles of Sanchi, including Satdhara (9xc2xa0km to the W of Sanchi, 40 stupas, the Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana, now enshrined in the new Vihara, were unearthed there), Bhojpur (also called Morel Khurd, a fortified hilltop with 60 stupas) and Andher (respectively 11xc2xa0km and 17xc2xa0km SE of Sanchi), as well as Sonari (10xc2xa0km SW of Sanchi). | WIKI |
| 3 3.4 Sunga Pillar 4 Satavahana period (1st century BCE xe2x80x93 1st century CE) 4.1 Material and carving technique 4.2 Architecture: evolution of the load-bearing pillar capital 4.3 Main themes of the reliefs 4.3.1 Jatakas 4.3.2 Miracles 4.3.3 Temptation of the Buddha 4.3.4 War over the Buddha's Relics 4.3.5 Removal of the relics by Ashoka 4.3.6 Building of the Bodh Gaya temple by Ashoka 4.3.7 Foreign devotees 4.3.8 Aniconism 4.4 The Gateways or Toranas 4.4.1 Stupa 1 Southern Gateway 4.4.2 Stupa 1 Northern Gateway 4.4.3 Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway 4.4.4 Stupa 1 Western Gateway 4.4.5 Stupa 3 Southern Gateway 5 Later periods 5.1 Western Satraps 5.2 Guptas 5.3 Lion pillar No 26 5.4 Pillar 35 6 Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara 7 Western rediscovery 8 Chetiyagiri Vihara and the Sacred Relics 9 Inscriptions 10 See also 11 References 12 Literature 13 External links | WIKI |
| Plan of the monuments of the hill of Sanchi, numbered 1 to 50. | WIKI |
| The monuments at Sanchi today comprise a series of Buddhist monuments starting from the Maurya Empire period (3rd century BCE), continuing with the Gupta Empire period (5th century CE), and ending around the 12th century CE. | WIKI |
| Altogether, Sanchi encompasses most of the evolutions of ancient Indian architecture and ancient Buddhist architecture in India, from the early stages of Buddhism and its first artistic expression, to the decline of the religion in the subcontinent. | WIKI |
| General view of the Stupas at Sanchi by F.C. | WIKI |
| The Ashoka pillar at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| The "Great Stupa" at Sanchi is the oldest structure and was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka the Great of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE. | WIKI |
| According to one version of the Mahavamsa, the Buddhist chronicle of Sri Lanka, Ashoka was closely connected to the region of Sanchi. | WIKI |
| When he was heir-apparent and was journeying as Viceroy to Ujjain, he is said to have halted at Vidisha (10 kilometers from Sanchi), and there married the daughter of a local banker. | WIKI |
| After Ashoka's accession, Mahendra headed a Buddhist mission, sent probably under the auspices of the Emperor, to Sri Lanka, and that before setting out to the island he visited his mother at Chetiyagiri near Vidisa, thought to be Sanchi. | WIKI |
| The capital of the Sanchi pillar of Ashoka, as discovered (left), and simulation of original appearance (right). | WIKI |
| The capital consists in four lions, which probably supported a Wheel of Law,[12] as also suggested by later illustrations among the Sanchi reliefs. | WIKI |
| That the Sangha may be united and may long endure.xe2x80x94xe2x80x89Edict of Ashoka on the Sanchi pillar. | WIKI |
| Sanchi Temple 40 was a 3rd-century BCE temple, one of the first known in India, constructed around the same time as the core of the Great Stupa.Conjectural reconstruction of the original timber-built Temple 40, burnt down in the 2nd century BCE. | WIKI |
| Maurya structures and decorations at Sanchi(3rd century BCE) Approximate reconstitution of the Great Stupa with its pillar of Ashoka, under the Mauryas circa 260 BCE. | WIKI |
| Sanchi Minor Pillar Edict of Ashoka, in-situ (detail of the previous image). | WIKI |
| Given the rather decentralized and fragmentary nature of the Shunga state, with many cities actually issuing their own coinage, as well as the relative dislike of the Shungas for Buddhism, some authors argue that the constructions of that period in Sanchi cannot really be called "Shunga". | WIKI |
| They were not the result of royal sponsorship, in contrast with what happened during the Mauryas, and most of the dedications at Sanchi were private or collective, rather than the result of royal patronage. | WIKI |
| The style of the Shunga period decorations at Sanchi bear a close similarity to those of Bharhut, as well as the peripheral balustrades at the Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya. | WIKI |
| [23] Some authors consider that these reliefs, rather crude and without obvious Buddhist connotations, are the oldest reliefs of all Sanchi, slightly older even than the reliefs of Sanchi Stupa No.2. | WIKI |
| Pillar 25 at Sanchi is also attributed to the Sungas, in the 2ndxe2x80x931st century BCE, and is considered as similar in design to the Heliodorus pillar, locally called Kham Baba pillar, dedicated by Heliodorus, the ambassador to the Indo-Greek king Antialkidas, in nearby Vidisha circa 100 BCE. | WIKI |
| Satavahana gateways (from 50 - 0 BCE)The southern gateway of the Great Stupa (Stupa 1) at Sanchi was, according to an inscription (see arrow), donated under the rule of "King Satakarni", probably Satakarni II. | WIKI |
| [38] This gave the Satavahanas access to the Buddhist site of Sanchi, in which they are credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original Mauryan Empire and Sunga stupas. | WIKI |
| [38][25] Another early Satavahana monument is known, Cave No.19 of king Kanha (100-70 BCE) at the Nasik Caves, which is much less developed artistically than the Sanchi toranas. | WIKI |
| From ivory to stone carving under the SatavahanasPompeii Lakshmi, 1st century CE.Yashini, East Gateway, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| [43][44] Some of the Begram ivories or the "Pompeii Lakshmi" give an indication of the kind of ivory works that could have influenced the carvings at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| At Sanchi and most other stupas the local population donated money for the embellishment of the stupa to attain spiritual merit. | WIKI |
| Similarities have been found in the designs of the capitals of various areas of northern India from the time of Ashoka to the time of the Satavahanas at Sanchi: particularly between the Pataliputra capital at the Mauryan Empire capital of Pataliputra (3rd century BCE), the pillar capitals at the Sunga Empire Buddhist complex of Bharhut (2nd century BCE), and the pillar capitals of the Satavahanas at Sanchi (1st centuries BCE/CE). | WIKI |
| The Sanchi pillar capital is keeping the general design, seen at Bharhut a century earlier, of recumbent lions grouped around a central square-section post, with the central design of a flame palmette, which started with the Pataliputra capital. | WIKI |
| Other narrative panels related to the War over the Buddha's Relics at Sanchi are: | WIKI |
| War over the Buddha's Relics, kept by the city of Kushinagar, South Gate, Stupa no.1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| This scene is depicted in one of the transversal portions of the southern gateway of Stupa No1 at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Southern gateway, Stupa 1, Southern Gateway, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Ashoka in grief, supported by his two queens, in a relief at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Bodhi tree temple depicted in Sanchi, Stupa 1, Southern gateway. | WIKI |
| A sculpture at Sanchi, southern gateway of Stupa No1, shows Ashoka in grief being supported by his two Queens. | WIKI |
| Numerous other sculptures at Sanchi show scenes of devotion towards the Bodhi Tree, and the Bodhi Tree inside its temple at Bodh Gaya. | WIKI |
| Other versions of the relief depicting the temple for the Bodhi Tree are visible at Sanchi, such as the Temple for the Bodhi Tree (Eastern Gateway). | WIKI |
| Some of the friezes of Sanchi also show devotees in Greek attire, wearing kilted tunics and some of them a Greek piloi hat. | WIKI |
| [74] The official notice at Sanchi describes "Foreigners worshiping Stupa". | WIKI |
| The actual participation of Yavanas/Yonas (Greek donors)[80] to the construction of Sanchi is known from three inscriptions made by self-declared Yavana donors: | WIKI |
| Around 113 BCE, Heliodorus, an ambassador of the Indo-Greek ruler Antialcidas, is known to have dedicated a pillar, the Heliodorus pillar, around 5 miles from Sanchi, in the village of Vidisha. | WIKI |
| Northwestern foreigners at Sanchi Foreigner on a horse, circa 115 BCE, Stupa No2. | WIKI |
| John Marshall detailed every panel in his seminal work "A Guide to Sanchi". | WIKI |
| Southern Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| See also: Relics associated with Buddha This Sanchi relief permitted this reconstruction of the city of Kushinagara circa 500 BCE. | WIKI |
| They are the only pillar capitals of the Sanchi complex to do so. | WIKI |
| [43][99] Some of the Begram ivories or the "Pompeii Lakshmi" give an indication of the kind of ivory works that could have influenced the carvings at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Northern Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| [102] The official notice at Sanchi reads "Foreigners worshiping Stupa". | WIKI |
| Foreigners playing carnyxes and aulos flute at Sanchi (detail). | WIKI |
| Eastern Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Western Gateway("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE.) | WIKI |
| The panel is shown complete in Maisey's illustration in Sanchi and its remains (Plaque XXI)[111] [110]See also: The Buddha Instructs the Monks of Vaisali (in "The Life of Buddha") Right pillar, Inner Face Top panel Enlightenment of the Buddha with Mara's army fleeing. | WIKI |
| The gateway of Stupa No 3, is the last of all the Satavahana gateways that were built at Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Southern Gateway(Stupa No 3, Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Stupas and monasteries at Sanchi in the early centuries of the current era. | WIKI |
| The rule of the Satavahanas in the area Sanchi during the 1st centuries BCE/CE is well attested by the finds of Satavahana copper coins in Vidisha, Ujjain and Eran in the name of Satakarni, as well as the Satakarni inscription on the Southern Gateway of Stupa No.1. | WIKI |
| [115] Therefore, it seems that the Kushan Empire did not extend to the Sanchi area, and the few Kushan works of art found in Sanchi appear to have come from Mathura. | WIKI |
| [115] In particular, a few Mathura statues in the name of the Kushan ruler Vasishka (247-267 CE) were found in Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II. | WIKI |
| "The glorious Candragupta (II), (...) who proclaims in the world the good behaviour of the excellent people, namely, the dependents (of the king), and who has acquired banners of victory and fame in many battles"xe2x80x94xe2x80x89Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II, 412-413 CE. | WIKI |
| Pillar 26: one of the two four-lions stambha capitals at Sanchi, with lions, central flame palmette and Wheel of Law (axis, stubs of the spokes and part of the circumference only), initially located at the Northern Gateway of the Great Stupa. | WIKI |
| At Sanchi this particular variety of stone was used only in monuments of the Gupta period. | WIKI |
| Following the destruction of the Guptas by the Alchon Huns, and with the decline of Buddhism in India, Buddhist artistic creation at Sanchi slowed down. | WIKI |
| Temple 18 at Sanchi, an apsidal hall with Maurya foundations, rebuilt at the time of Harsha (7th century CE). | WIKI |
| With the decline of Buddhism in India, the monuments of Sanchi went out of use and fell into a state of disrepair. | WIKI |
| In 1818, General Taylor of the Bengal Cavalry recorded a visit to Sanchi. | WIKI |
| Although the jungle had overgrown the complex, several of the Gateways were still standing, and Sanchi, being situated on a hill, had escaped the onslaught of the Muslim conquerors who had destroyed the nearby city of Vidisha (Bhilsa) only 5 miles away. | WIKI |
| Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara[edit] | WIKI |
| Although the initial craftsmen for stone reliefs in Sanchi seem to have come from Gandhara, with the first reliefs being carved at Sanchi Stupa No.2 circa 115 BCE,[26] the art of Sanchi thereafter developed considerably in the 1st century BCE/CE and is thought to predate the blooming of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, which went on to flourish until around the 4th century CE. | WIKI |
| The art of Sanchi is thus considered as the ancestor of the didactic forms of Buddhist art that would follow, such as the art of Gandhara. | WIKI |
| [135] Second, another important difference is the treatment of the image of the Buddha: whereas the art of Sanchi, however detailed and sophisticated, is aniconic,[137] the art of Gandhara added illustrations of the Buddha as a man wearing Greek-style clothing to play a central role in its didactic reliefs. | WIKI |
| The presence of Greeks at or near Sanchi at the time is known (Indo-Greek ambassador Heliodorus at Vidisha circa 100 BCE, the Greek-like foreigners illustrated at Sanchi worshiping the Great Stupa, or the Greek "Yavana" devotees who had dedicatory inscriptions made at Sanchi[83]), but more precise details about exchanges or possible routes of transmission are elusive. | WIKI |
| Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara Maya's dream The Great Departure Mara's attack Enlightenment The Buddha Preaching Sanchi(1st c. BCE/CE) Maya's dream of a white elephant. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the Southern Gateway, Sanchi in 1875. | WIKI |
| A Gate to the Stupa of Sanchi 1932 | WIKI |
| [140] Alexander Cunningham and Frederick Charles Maisey made the first formal survey and excavations at Sanchi and the surrounding stupas of the region in 1851. | WIKI |
| John Marshall, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928, acknowledged her contribution by dedicating his important volumes on Sanchi to Sultan Jehan. | WIKI |
| Since Sanchi remained mostly intact however, only few artefacts of Sanchi can be found in Western Museum: for example, the Gupta statue of Padmapani is at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and one of the Yashinis can be seen at the British Museum. | WIKI |
| Today, around fifty monuments remain on the hill of Sanchi, including three main stupas and several temples. | WIKI |
| The reliefs of Sanchi, especially those depicting Indian cities, have been important in trying to imagine what ancient Indian cities look like. | WIKI |
| Many modern simulations are based on the urban illustrations of Sanchi. | WIKI |
| A vision of ancient Indian court life, using motifs from Sanchi (wood engraving, 1878). | WIKI |
| Inscribed panel from Sanchi in Brahmi script in the British Museum[148] | WIKI |
| Sanchi, especially Stupa 1, has a large number of Brahmi inscriptions. | WIKI |
| Three inscriptions are known from Yavana (Indo-Greek)[80] donors at Sanchi, the clearest of which reads "Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam" ("Gift of the Yona of Setapatha"), Setapatha being an uncertain city. | WIKI |