Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Białowieża Forest' has mentioned 'Forest' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The forest is home to 800 European bison, Europe's heaviest land animal. | WIKI |
| [5] The forest has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site[6] and an EU Natura 2000 Special Area of Conservation. | WIKI |
| The World Heritage Committee by its decision of June 2014 approved the extension of the UNESCO World Heritage site "Belovezhskaya Pushcha/Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest, Belarus, Poland", which became "Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest, Belarus, Poland". | WIKI |
| [8] Since the border between the two countries runs through the forest, there is a border crossing available for hikers and cyclists. | WIKI |
| The Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest is named after the Polish village of Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca, which is located in the middle of the forest and was probably one of the first human settlements in the area. | WIKI |
| The name stems from the white wooden hunting manor established in the village by Wxc5x82adysxc5x82aw II Jagiexc5x82xc5x82o, the King of Poland who ruled the country from 1386 until his death in 1434 and enjoyed going on hunting trips in the forest. | WIKI |
| The modern Belarusian name for the forest is Biexc5x82aviexc5xbeskaja puxc5xa1xc4x8da (xd0x91xd0xb5xd0xbbxd0xb0xd0xb2xd0xb5xd0xb6xd1x81xd0xbaxd0xb0xd1x8f xd0xbfxd1x83xd1x88xd1x87xd0xb0), although both the Belarusian authorities and UNESCO use the official Russian name Belovezhskaya pushcha (xd0x91xd0xb5xd0xbbxd0xbexd0xb2xd0xb5xd0xb6xd1x81xd0xbaxd0xb0xd1x8f xd0xbfxd1x83xd1x89xd0xb0) from before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. | WIKI |
| Approximately 120,000xe2x80x93150,000 tourists visit the Polish part of the forest annually (about 10,000 of them are from other countries). | WIKI |
| [15] The popular village of Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca lies within the forest. | WIKI |
| On the Belarusian side, the forest is protected as the Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park with an area of 1,771xc2xa0km2 (684xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| Limited hunting rights were granted throughout the forest in the 14th century. | WIKI |
| In the 15th century the forest became a property of king Wxc5x82adysxc5x82aw II Jagiexc5x82xc5x82o. | WIKI |
| [citation needed] The first recorded piece of legislation on the protection of the forest dates to 1538, when a document issued by Sigismund I instituted the death penalty for poaching a bison. | WIKI |
| Since Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca means the "white tower", the corresponding Puszcza Biaxc5x82owieska translates as the "forest of the white tower". | WIKI |
| The forest was declared a hunting reserve in 1541 to protect bison. | WIKI |
| In 1557, the forest charter was issued, under which a special board was established to examine forest usage. | WIKI |
| In 1639, King Vladislaus IV issued the "Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca royal forest decree" (Ordynacja Puszczy J.K. Moxc5x9bci lexc5x9bnictwa Biaxc5x82owieskiego). | WIKI |
| The document freed all peasants living in the forest in exchange for their service as osocznicy, or royal foresters. | WIKI |
| They were also freed of taxes in exchange for taking care of the forest. | WIKI |
| The forest was divided onto 12 triangular areas (straxc5xbce) with a centre in Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca. | WIKI |
| Part of primaeval forest with dead 450-year-old oak in Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca National Park, Poland | WIKI |
| Until the reign of King John II Casimir, the forest was mostly unpopulated. | WIKI |
| After the Partitions of Poland, Tsar Paul I turned all the foresters into serfs and handed them over to various Russian aristocrats and generals along with the parts of forest where they lived. | WIKI |
| Also, a large number of hunters were able to enter the forest, as all protection was abolished. | WIKI |
| Tsar Alexander II visited the forest in 1860 and decided to re-establish the protection of bison. | WIKI |
| Between 1888 and 1917, the Russian tsars owned all of primaeval forest, which became the royal hunting reserve. | WIKI |
| The tsars sent bison as gifts to various European capitals, while at the same time populating the forest with deer, elk and other animals imported from around the empire. | WIKI |
| During World War I the forest suffered heavy losses. | WIKI |
| During three years of German occupation, 200 kilometres (124 miles) of railway tracks were laid in the forest to support the local industry. | WIKI |
| After the Polishxe2x80x93Soviet War in 1921, the core of the forest was declared a National Reserve. | WIKI |
| In 1923, Professor Jxc3xb3zef Paczoski, a pioneer of the science of phytosociology, became a scientific manager of the forest reserves in the Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest. | WIKI |
| He carried out detailed studies of the structure of forest vegetation there. | WIKI |
| To protect them, in 1932 most of the forest was declared a national park. | WIKI |
| Two of them, from the zoo in Pszczyna, were descendants of a pair from the forest given to the Duke of Pszczyna by Tsar Alexander II in 1865. | WIKI |
| In 1939 the local inhabitants of Polish ethnicity were deported to remote areas of the Soviet Union and replaced by Soviet forest workers. | WIKI |
| In 1941 the forest was occupied by Germans and the Russian Soviet inhabitants were also expelled. | WIKI |
| After July 1941 the forest became a refuge for both Polish and Soviet partisans and Nazi authorities organised mass executions. | WIKI |
| A few graves of people who were killed by the Gestapo can still be seen in the forest. | WIKI |
| After the war, part of the forest was divided between Poland and the Belarusian SSR of the Soviet Union. | WIKI |
| The forest contains a number of large, ancient pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur), some of which are individually named. | WIKI |
| One of the thickest oaks in the forest, with a beautiful column-like trunk. | WIKI |
| This is one of the thickest oaks in the forest. | WIKI |
| It blew down in 1974, but is probably the most famous of the trees in the forest. | WIKI |
| Some 84% of the 60,000 hectares (150,000 acres) of Polish forest is outside the national park;[23] almost half of all the wood in the forest is dead xe2x80x93 10 times more than in managed forests xe2x80x93 with half the 12,000 species depend on decaying logs, including the near-threatened beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus. | WIKI |
| [23] Traditional forest management would remove the dead wood, as a fire risk. | WIKI |
| In 2011, Zdzisxc5x82aw Szkiruxc4x87, director of the Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca National Park, said that cutting and replanting allows for re-establishment of the forest in 50 years, rather than the 300xe2x80x93400 years that nature would require;[23] environmentalist Janusz Korbel argued that the unique nature of the primeval forest demands a lighter style of management. | WIKI |
| [23] Andrzej Kraszewski, Poland's Environment Minister from February 2010 to November 2011, sought to increase protection over the whole forest, starting with a more modest 12,000xe2x80x9314,000-hectare (30,000xe2x80x9335,000-acre) expansion, against opposition from the local community and the Forestry Service. | WIKI |
| Environmentalists say that logging is threatening the flora and fauna in the forest, including species of rare birds, such as the white-backed woodpecker, who lost 30% of their population in forestry-managed areas in the 1990s and 2000s. | WIKI |
| On 25 March 2016, Jan Szyszko, Poland's Environment Minister, former forester and forestry academic, announced that he would approve a tripling of logging in the forest, from the 2012xe2x80x9321 limit of 63,000xc2xa0m3 (2,200,000xc2xa0cuxc2xa0ft) xe2x80x93 almost exhausted at the time xe2x80x93 to 188,000xc2xa0m3 (6,600,000xc2xa0cuxc2xa0ft), offering the excuse of "combatting an infestation of the bark beetle". | WIKI |
| [26] Greenpeace also said the logging could trigger the EU to launch punitive procedures against Poland for violating its Natura 2000 programme,[27] though Szyszko claims that the logging plans would not apply to strictly protected areas,[27] and claims that, rather than being 8,000 years old, as scientists claim,[26] parts of the forest had been created by an "enterprising hand of man" on lands that centuries ago included fields of wheat and millet. | WIKI |
| [29] The Polish government has ignored pleas from UNESCO to stop logging the old-growth parts of the forest,[30] as well as a court order of the European Court of Justice to halt the logging activities. | WIKI |
| The forest is the subject of a Belarusian ballad Belovezhskaya Pushcha, composed in 1975 by Aleksandra Pakhmutova, with lyrics by Nikolai Dobronravov, performed by Belarusian folk band Pesniary. | WIKI |
| In return Ogilvy and Greenpeace provided reference material for Geoboxers in the form of a 3D topographical map of the 700-square-kilometre (270xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi) forest made from hundreds of images and maps of Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest that took six weeks to complete. | WIKI |
| [37][38] The action of a role-playing video game Werewolf: The Apocalypse xe2x80x93 Heart of the Forest developed by Different Tales and released on October 13, 2020 (for MS Windows, Linux and Mac OS) takes place in Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest. | WIKI |
| The player takes the role of Maia Boroditch, an American woman of Polish descent, who has recurring nightmares about a forest and wolves, and travels to Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca in Poland to learn about her family history and discovers secrets of the primeval Biaxc5x82owiexc5xbca Forest. The forest is mentioned in Upton Sinclair's seminal novel The Jungle (1906). | WIKI |
| Bialowieza Forest is a large forest complex located on the border between Poland and Belarus. | UNESCO |
| Thanks to several ages of protection the Forest had survived in its natural state to this day. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ix): Bialowieza Forest conserves a diverse complex of protected forest ecosystems which exemplify the Central European mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion, and a range of associated non-forest habitats, including wet meadows, river valleys and other wetlands. | UNESCO |
| The large and integral forest area supports complete food webs including viable populations of large mammals and large carnivores (wolf, lynx and otter) amongst other. | UNESCO |
| The long tradition of research on the little disturbed forest ecosystem and the numerous publications, including description of new species, also contributes significantly to the values of the nominated property. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (x): Bialowieza Forest is an irreplaceable area for biodiversity conservation, due in particular to its size, protection status, and substantially undisturbed nature. | UNESCO |
| The property is a large, coherent area conserved via a range of protective designations representing the full range of forest ecosystems of the region, and providing habitat for large mammals. | UNESCO |
| In addition the State Party of Poland has developed an agreement establishing a Steering Committee between the National Park and the Forest Administration aiming to achieve a coordinated approach to integrated management. | UNESCO |
| It is essential to ensure that the integrated management plan for the property addresses all key issues concerning the effective management of this property, particularly forest, meadows and wetlands management, and that it is adequately funded on a long term basis to ensure its effective implementation. | UNESCO |