Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Archaeological Site of Troy' has mentioned 'Citadel' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The city began as a citadel at the top, ended by covering the entire height to the south (the north being precipitous)[2]HistoryBuilderVarious peoples living in the region at different historical periodsMaterialNative limestone, wood, mudbrickFounded3500 BC from the start of Troy ZeroAbandonedMain periods of abandonment as a residential city:950 BC xe2x80x93 750 BC450 AD xe2x80x93 1200 AD1300 ADCulturesBronze Age (entire)Dark Age (partial)Classical and Hellenistic Periods (entire)Roman Empire (entire)Byzantine Empire (one century)Associatedxc2xa0withLuwian speakers in the Late Bronze Age, Greek speakers subsequentlySite notesArchaeologistsThe Calverts, Heinrich Schliemann, Wilhelm Dxc3xb6rpfeldCarl Blegen and the University of Cincinnati, Manfred Korfmann and the University of Txc3xbcbingen, Rxc3xbcstem Aslan of xc3x87anakkale Onsekiz Mart University (current)ConditionHigh authenticity, low degree of reconstructionOwnershipState property of the Turkish Republic through the Ministry of Culture and TourismManagementGeneral Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums in conjunction with other relevant local organizationsPublicxc2xa0accessRegular visiting hours, bus access, some parkingWebsiteUnesco WHS 849 UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameArchaeological Site of TroyTypeCulturalCriteria(ii)(iii)(vi)Designated1998 (22nd session)Referencexc2xa0no.849 | WIKI |
| In the olive groves surrounding the citadel, there are portions of land that were difficult to plow, suggesting that there are undiscovered portions of the city lying there. | WIKI |
| The walls surround the citadel, extending for several hundred meters, and at the time they were built were over 5.2 metres (17xc2xa0ft) tall. | WIKI |
| The second run of excavations, under Korfmann, revealed that the walls of the first run were not the entire suite of walls for the city, and only partially represent the citadel. | WIKI |
| "[87] This city had a perimeter of 2.5 kilometres (1.6xc2xa0mi) and enclosed an area 16 times that of the citadel. | WIKI |
| [88] Moreover, the citadel walls were surmounted by structures of mudbrick. | WIKI |
| The stone part of the walls currently in evidence were "...five metres (16xc2xa0ft) thick and at least eight metres (26xc2xa0ft) high - and over that a mudbrick superstructure several meters high...," which totals to about 15 metres (49xc2xa0ft) for the citadel walls at about the time of the Trojan War. | WIKI |
| Foundations of the citadel fortifications Troy I tower and wall South gate wall and tower, Early Troy I through Middle Troy II[89] Troy IV wall Troy VI east tower Troy VI cul-de-sac at east gate Troy VI east tower and wall of cul-de-sac Troy VI wall on the left, Troy IX wall on right. | WIKI |
| What Schliemann found is that the area now called "the citadel" or "the upper city" was apparently placed on virgin soil. | WIKI |
| The layers of ruins in the citadel at Hisarlik are numbered Troy Ixc2xa0xe2x80x93 Troy IX, with various subdivisions. | WIKI |
| As it is unlikely that there were two Troys side by side, the lower city must have been the main seat of residence, to which the upper city served as citadel. | WIKI |
| Korfman now referred to the layers of the lower city as associated with the layers of the citadel. | WIKI |
| The lower city was many times the size of the citadel, answering the size objection. | WIKI |
| [99] The first phase of the city is characterized by a smaller citadel, around 91xc2xa0m (300xc2xa0ft) in diameter, with 20 rectangular houses surrounded by massive walls, towers, and gateways. | WIKI |
| [86] Troy II doubled in size and had a lower town and the upper citadel, with the walls protecting the upper acropolis which housed the megaron-style palace for the king. | WIKI |
| [100] The second phase was destroyed by a large fire, but the Trojans rebuilt, creating a fortified citadel larger than Troy II, but which had smaller and more condensed houses, suggesting an economic decline. | WIKI |
| [105] Another characterizing feature of Troy VI are the tightly packed houses near the Citadel and construction of many cobble streets. | WIKI |
| Furthermore, there were cremation burials discovered 400m south of the citadel wall.[relevant?] | WIKI |
| Furthermore, the small settlement itself, south of the wall, could have also been used as an obstacle to defend the main city walls and the citadel. | WIKI |
| [citation needed] This rebuild continued the trend of having a heavily fortified citadel to preserve the outer rim of the city in the face of earthquakes and sieges of the central city. | WIKI |
| [100] The city was rebuilt as Troy VIIa, with most of the population moving within the walls of the citadel. | WIKI |
| [129] The tablet was discovered in the lower city, archaeologically out of the way until now, but undoubtedly more populous and frequented than the citadel. | WIKI |
| The leveling process destroyed the previous structures at the center of the citadel. | WIKI |
| [note 24] During this period Ilion still lacked proper city walls except for the crumbling Troy VI fortifications around the citadel, and in 278 during the Gallic invasion the city was easily sacked. | WIKI |
| 24 excavation campaigns, spread over the past 140 years, have revealed many features from all the periods of occupation in the citadel and the lower town. | UNESCO |
| These include 23 sections of the defensive walls around the citadel, eleven gates, a paved stone ramp, and the lower portions of five defensive bastions. | UNESCO |
| Troy II and Troy VI provide characteristic examples of an ancient oriental city in an Aegean context, with a majestic fortified citadel enclosing palaces and administrative buildings, surrounded by an extensive fortified lower town. | UNESCO |