Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Archaeological Site of Delphi' has mentioned 'Delphi' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| "Delphi". | WIKI |
| Delphi among the main Greek sanctuaries | WIKI |
| The ancient Greeks considered the centre of the world to be in Delphi, marked by the stone monument known as the omphalos (navel). | WIKI |
| According to the Suda, Delphi took its name from the Delphyne, the she-serpent (drakaina) who lived there and was killed by the god Apollo (in other accounts the serpent was the male serpent (drakon ) Python). | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Delphi and the Delphic region 2 Archaeology of the precinct 2.1 The end of Delphi 2.2 Excavation 2.3 Delphi Archaeological Museum 3 Architecture of the precinct 3.1 Temple of Apollo 3.2 Treasuries 3.3 Altar of the Chians 3.4 Stoa of the Athenians 3.5 Sibyl rock 3.6 Theatre 3.7 Tholos 3.8 Gymnasium 3.9 Stadium 3.10 Hippodrome 3.11 Polygonal wall 3.12 Castalian spring 3.13 Athletic statues 4 Myths regarding the origin of the precinct 5 Oracle of Delphi 5.1 The prophetic process 5.2 Religious significance of the oracle 6 History 6.1 Ancient Delphi 6.2 Amphictyonic Council 6.3 The sacred precinct in the Iron Age 6.4 Abandonment and rediscovery 7 Delphi in later art 8 Delphi in later literature 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 Footnotes 12 Citations 13 Citation references 14 Further reading 14.1 5th-century evidence 15 External links | WIKI |
| Delphi and the Delphic region[edit] | WIKI |
| Today Delphi is a municipality of Greece as well as a modern town adjacent to the ancient precinct. | WIKI |
| [7] These early dates are comparable to the earliest dates at Delphi, suggesting Delphi was appropriated and transformed by Phocians from ancient Krisa. | WIKI |
| The end of Delphi[edit] | WIKI |
| Most cursory accounts of Delphi include a phase they call the end of Delphi. | WIKI |
| Such was never the case for Delphi. | WIKI |
| History portrays Delphi as a very popular site. | WIKI |
| After Hellenic society transitioned from pagan to Christian, Delphi remained just as popular as it had been. | WIKI |
| Delphi transitioned to a secular site in which churches were built. | WIKI |
| He sent his physician to Delphi to rebuild the Temple of Apollo, and received an oracle for his efforts that "the speaking water has been silenced," which became known as "the last oracle" and is recorded by George Kedrenos. | WIKI |
| Main article: Excavations at Delphi | WIKI |
| British and French travelers visiting the site suspected it was ancient Delphi. | WIKI |
| During the Great Excavation were discovered architectural members from a 5th-century Christian basilica, when Delphi was a bishopric. | WIKI |
| Among the finds stands out a tiny leopard made of mother of pearl, possibly of Sassanian origin, on display in the ground floor gallery of the Delphi Archaeological Museum. | WIKI |
| Delphi Archaeological Museum[edit] | WIKI |
| Main article: Delphi Archaeological Museum | WIKI |
| Archaeological Museum of Delphi, designed by Alexandros Tombazis | WIKI |
| The Delphi Archaeological Museum is at the foot of the main archaeological complex, on the east side of the village, and on the north side of the main road. | WIKI |
| The museum houses artifacts associated with ancient Delphi, including the earliest known notation of a melody, the Charioteer of Delphi, Kleobis and Biton, golden treasures discovered beneath the Sacred Way, the Sphinx of Naxos, and fragments of reliefs from the Siphnian Treasury. | WIKI |
| Site plan of the upper Sacred Precinct, Delphi. | WIKI |
| Main article: Temple of Apollo (Delphi) | WIKI |
| The ruins of the Temple of Delphi visible today date from the 4th centuryxc2xa0BC, and are of a peripteral Doric building. | WIKI |
| [17] However, a new theory gives a completely new explanation of the above myth of the four temples of Delphi. | WIKI |
| Having built it in the late classical period, the Argives took great pride in establishing their place at Delphi amongst the other city-states. | WIKI |
| The nearby presence of the Treasury of the Athenians suggests that this quarter of Delphi was used for Athenian business or politics, as stoas are generally found in market-places. | WIKI |
| Although the architecture at Delphi is generally Doric, a plain style, in keeping with the Phocian traditions, which were Doric, the Athenians did not prefer the Doric. | WIKI |
| The Sibyl rock is a pulpit-like outcrop of rock between the Athenian Treasury and the Stoa of the Athenians upon the sacred way which leads up to the temple of Apollo in the archaeological area of Delphi. | WIKI |
| The ancient theatre at Delphi was built further up the hill from the Temple of Apollo giving spectators a view of the entire sanctuary and the valley below. | WIKI |
| Athena Pronaia Sanctuary at Delphi | WIKI |
| Three of the Doric columns have been restored, making it the most popular site at Delphi for tourists to take photographs. | WIKI |
| The architect of the "vaulted temple at Delphi" is named by Vitruvius, in De architectura Book VII, as Theodorus Phoceus (not Theodorus of Samos, whom Vitruvius names separately). | WIKI |
| The gymnasium, which is half a mile away from the main sanctuary, was a series of buildings used by the youth of Delphi. | WIKI |
| The mountain-top stadium at Delphi, far above the temples-theater below | WIKI |
| Main article: Stadium of Delphi | WIKI |
| Section of polygonal wall at Delphi, behind a pillar from the Athenian Stoa | WIKI |
| The sacred spring of Delphi lies in the ravine of the Phaedriades. | WIKI |
| The Charioteer of Delphi, 478 or 474 BC, Delphi Museum. | WIKI |
| Delphi is famous for its many preserved athletic statues. | WIKI |
| It is known that Olympia originally housed far more of these statues, but time brought ruin to many of them, leaving Delphi as the main site of athletic statues. | WIKI |
| [30] Kleobis and Biton, two brothers renowned for their strength, are modeled in two of the earliest known athletic statues at Delphi. | WIKI |
| The Charioteer of Delphi is another ancient relic that has withstood the centuries. | WIKI |
| Beyond these proto-historic tidbits[c] the main myths of Delphi are given in three literary loci. | WIKI |
| [33] H.W Parke, the Delphi scholar, complained that they are self-contradictory,[d] thus unconsciously falling into the Plutarchian epistemology, that they reflect some common, objective historic reality against which the accounts can be compared. | WIKI |
| Zeus determined the site of Delphi when he sought to find the centre of his "Grandmother Earth" (Gaia). | WIKI |
| He sent two eagles flying from the eastern and western extremities, and the path of the eagles crossed over Delphi where the omphalos, or navel of Gaia was found. | WIKI |
| The name Delphi comes from the same root as xcexb4xcexb5xcexbbxcfx86xcfx8dxcfx82 delphys, "womb" and may indicate archaic veneration of Gaia at the site. | WIKI |
| The epithet is connected with dolphins (Greek xcexb4xcexb5xcexbbxcfx86xcexafxcfx82,-xe1xbfx96xcexbdxcexbfxcfx82) in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo (line 400), recounting the legend of how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying Cretan priests on his back. | WIKI |
| [43] Another legend held that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at Tempe, a city in Thessaly, to pick laurel (also known as bay tree) which he considered to be a sacred plant. | WIKI |
| Oracle of Delphi[edit] | WIKI |
| Coin (obol) struck at Delphi, 480xc2xa0BC. | WIKI |
| Delphi is perhaps best known for its oracle, the Pythia, or sibyl, the duty priestess prophesying from the tripod in the sunken adyton of the Temple of Apollo. | WIKI |
| It has been speculated that the ancient writers, including Plutarch who had worked as a priest at Delphi, were correct in attributing the oracular effects to the sweet-smelling pneuma (Ancient Greek for breath, wind or vapor) escaping from the chasm in the rock. | WIKI |
| In 83 BCE a Thracian tribe raided Delphi, burned the temple, plundered the sanctuary and stole the "unquenchable fire" from the altar. | WIKI |
| [53] By the 4th century, Delphi had acquired the status of a city. | WIKI |
| [55] The site was abandoned in the 6th or 7th centuries, although a single bishop of Delphi is attested in an episcopal list of the late 8th and early 9th centuries. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the ancient temple of Apollo at Delphi, overlooking the valley of Phocis. | WIKI |
| Delphi became the site of a major temple to Phoebus Apollo, as well as the Pythian Games and the prehistoric oracle. | WIKI |
| [58] Additionally, according to Plutarch's essay on the meaning of the "E at Delphi"xe2x80x94the only literary source for the inscriptionxe2x80x94there was also inscribed at the temple a large letter E.[59] Among other things epsilon signifies the number 5. | WIKI |
| [62] Another regular Delphi festival was the "Theophania" (xcex98xcexb5xcexbfxcfx86xcexacxcexbdxcexb5xcexb9xcexb1), an annual festival in spring celebrating the return of Apollo from his winter quarters in Hyperborea. | WIKI |
| This spring flowed toward the temple but disappeared beneath, creating a cleft which emitted chemical vapors that purportedly caused the oracle at Delphi to reveal her prophecies. | WIKI |
| Occupation of the site at Delphi can be traced back to the Neolithic period with extensive occupation and use beginning in the Mycenaean period (1600xe2x80x931100 BC). | WIKI |
| Krisa's power was broken finally by the recovered Aeolic and Attic-Ionic speaking states of southern Greece over the issue of access to Delphi. | WIKI |
| Control of it was assumed by the Amphictyonic League, an organization of states with an interest in Delphi, in the early classical period. | WIKI |
| Ancient Delphi[edit] | WIKI |
| Speculative illustration of ancient Delphi by French architect Albert Tournaire. | WIKI |
| Delphi was since ancient times a place of worship for Gaia, the mother goddess connected with fertility. | WIKI |
| Initially under the control of Phocaean settlers based in nearby Kirra (currently Itea), Delphi was reclaimed by the Athenians during the First Sacred War (597xe2x80x93585 BC). | WIKI |
| In 449xe2x80x93448 BC, the Second Sacred War (fought in the wider context of the First Peloponnesian War between the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta and the Delian-Attic League led by Athens) resulted in the Phocians gaining control of Delphi and the management of the Pythian Games. | WIKI |
| In 356 BC the Phocians under Philomelos captured and sacked Delphi, leading to the Third Sacred War (356xe2x80x93346 BC), which ended with the defeat of the former and the rise of Macedon under the reign of Philip II. | WIKI |
| In Delphi, Macedonian rule was superseded by the Aetolians in 279 BC, when a Gallic invasion was repelled, and by the Romans in 191 BC. | WIKI |
| When the doctor Oreibasius visited the oracle of Delphi, in order to question the fate of paganism, he received a pessimistic answer: | WIKI |
| The Amphictyonic Council was a council of representatives from six Greek tribes that controlled Delphi and also the quadrennial Pythian Games. | WIKI |
| Over time, the town of Delphi gained more control of itself and the council lost much of its influence. | WIKI |
| Excavation at Delphi, which was a post-Mycenaean settlement of the late 9thxc2xa0century, has uncovered artifacts increasing steadily in volume beginning with the last quarter of the 8th centuryxc2xa0BC. | WIKI |
| Neither the range of objects nor the presence of prestigious dedications proves that Delphi was a focus of attention for a wide range of worshippers, but the large quantity of valuable goods, found in no other mainland sanctuary, encourages that view. | WIKI |
| Apollo's sacred precinct in Delphi was a Panhellenic Sanctuary, where every four years, starting in 586xc2xa0BC[72] athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the Pythian Games, one of the four Panhellenic Games, precursors of the Modern Olympics. | WIKI |
| The victors at Delphi were presented with a laurel crown (stephanos) which was ceremonially cut from a tree by a boy who re-enacted the slaying of the Python. | WIKI |
| Delphi was set apart from the other games sites because it hosted the mousikos agon, musical competitions. | WIKI |
| [72] These games, though, were different from the games at Olympia in that they were not of such vast importance to the city of Delphi as the games at Olympia were to the area surrounding Olympia. | WIKI |
| Delphi would have been a renowned city regardless of whether it hosted these games; it had other attractions that led to it being labeled the "omphalos" (navel) of the earth, in other words, the centre of the world. | WIKI |
| After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi. | WIKI |
| The Ottomans finalized their domination over Phocis and Delphi in about 1410CE. | WIKI |
| Delphi itself remained almost uninhabited for centuries. | WIKI |
| Ottoman Delphi gradually began to be investigated. | WIKI |
| The first Westerner to describe the remains in Delphi was Ciriaco de' Pizzicolli (Cyriacus of Ancona), a 15th-century merchant turned diplomat and antiquarian. | WIKI |
| He visited Delphi in March 1436 and remained there for six days. | WIKI |
| In 1805 Edward Dodwell visited Delphi, accompanied by the painter Simone Pomardi. | WIKI |
| Sighed o'er Delphi's long deserted shrine, where, save that feeble fountain, all is still. | WIKI |
| Delphi in later art[edit] | WIKI |
| From the 16th century onward, woodcuts of Delphi began to appear in printed maps and books. | WIKI |
| The earliest depictions of Delphi were totally imaginary; for example, those created by Nikolaus Gerbel, who published in 1545 a text based on the map of Greece by N. Sofianos. | WIKI |
| View of Delphi with Sacrificial Procession by Claude Lorrain | WIKI |
| In Wheler's "Journey into Greece", published in 1682, a sketch of the region of Delphi appeared, where the settlement of Kastri and some ruins were depicted. | WIKI |
| Travelers continued to visit Delphi throughout the 19th century and published their books which contained diaries, sketches, views of the site as well as pictures of coins. | WIKI |
| The philhellene painter W. Williams has comprised the landscape of Delphi in his themes (1829). | WIKI |
| Wordsworth and Lord Byron are amongst the most important visitors of Delphi. | WIKI |
| Delphi by Edward Lear features the Phaedriades. | WIKI |
| Thus "Ephemeris" writes (17 March 1889): In the Revues des Deux Mondes Paul Lefaivre published his memoirs from an excursion to Delphi. | WIKI |
| Only briefly does he refer to the antiquities of Delphi, but he refers to a pelasgian wall 80xc2xa0meters long, "on which innumerable inscriptions are carved, decrees, conventions, manumissions. | WIKI |
| [81] A famous example constitutes Michelangelo's Delphic Sibyl (1509),[82][83][84] the 19th-century German engraving Oracle of Apollo at Delphi, as well as the recent ink on paper drawing "The Oracle of Delphi" (2013) by M. | WIKI |
| Examples of such works are displayed in the "Sculpture park of the European Cultural Center of Delphi" and in exhibitions taking place at the Archaeological Museum of Delphi. | WIKI |
| Delphi in later literature[edit] | WIKI |
| Delphi inspired literature as well. | WIKI |
| In 1814 W. Haygarth, friend of Lord Byron, refers to Delphi in his work "Greece, a Poem". | WIKI |
| More recent French authors used Delphi as a source of inspiration such as Yves Bonnefoy (Delphes du second jour) or Jean Sullivan (nickname of Joseph Lemarchand) in L'Obsession de Delphes (1967), but also Rob MacGregor's Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi (1991). | WIKI |
| The presence of Delphi in Greek literature is very intense. | WIKI |
| Poets such as Kostis Palamas (The Delphic Hymn, 1894), Kostas Karyotakis (Delphic festival, 1927), Nikephoros Vrettakos (return from Delphi, 1957), Yannis Ritsos (Delphi, 1961xe2x80x9362) and Kiki Dimoula (Gas omphalos and Appropriate terrain 1988), to mention only the most renowned ones. | WIKI |
| The nobelist George Seferis wrote an essay under the title "Delphi", in the book "Dokimes". | WIKI |
| The importance of Delphi for the Greeks is significant. | WIKI |
| Nikolaos Politis, the famous Greek ethnographer, in his Studies on the life and language of the Greek people - part A, offers two examples from Delphi: | WIKI |
| They originate from the old pagan inhabitants of Delphi who kept their property in castle called Adelphi, named after the two brother princes who built it. | WIKI |
| The theatre at Delphi Ruins of the theatre at Delphi Stacked stones The Phaedriades | WIKI |
| Delphi lies between two towering rocks of Mt. | UNESCO |
| A place with a rich intangible heritage, Delphi was the centre of the world (omphalos) in the eyes of the ancient Greeks: according to myth, it was the meeting point of two eagles released by Zeus, one to the East and one in the West. | UNESCO |
| This harmonious relationship, which has remained undisturbed from ancient times to the present day, makes Delphi a unique monument and a priceless legacy bequeathed by the ancient Greek world to following generations. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (i): The layout of Delphi is a unique artistic achievement. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): Delphi had an immense impact throughout the ancient world, as can be ascertained by the various offerings of kings, dynasts, city-states and historical figures, who deemed that sending a valuable gift to the sanctuary, would ensure the favour of the god. | UNESCO |
| The Sanctuary at Delphi, the object of great generosity and the crossroads of a wide variety of influences, was in turn imitated throughout the ancient world. | UNESCO |
| Even pillaging of the Sanctuary by the emperor Nero and by Constantine the Great, who transported spoils from it to Rome and Constantinople, added to the artistic influence of Delphi. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iii): Delphi bears a unique testimony to the religion and civilization of ancient Greece. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): Delphi, situated in a magnificent natural setting which is still intact, is an outstanding architectural ensemble and an example of a great Pan-Hellenic sanctuary. | UNESCO |
| Delphi is consequently directly and tangibly associated with a belief of manifest universal significance. | UNESCO |
| The broader area of Delphi, being a transformogenic geophysical area, in the periphery of the great tectonic fault of Central Greece, has been faced with the same problems since the ancient times: earthquakes and land slides, erosion of soils and sedimentations, along with periodic vegetation growth and the ensuing fire risk. | UNESCO |
| The Archaeological Site of Delphi is protected under the provisions of Law No. | UNESCO |
| Under Ministerial Decrees 13624/728/1991, 1266/1991 and 35829/1801/2012, the Archaeological Site of Delphi is part of a most extended geographical area of landscape and monuments under protection. | UNESCO |
| The Archaeological Site of Delphi is protected 24xc2xa0hours per day. | UNESCO |