Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum' has mentioned 'Hypogeum' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Hypogeum of xc4xa6al SaflieniThe Hypogeum, photograph by Richard Ellis, before 1910Shown within MaltaAlternativexc2xa0namexc4xa6al Saflieni Prehistoric Hypogeum (official name)LocationPaola, MaltaCoordinates35xc2xb052xe2x80xb210.5xe2x80xb3N 14xc2xb030xe2x80xb224.5xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf35.869583xc2xb0N 14.506806xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 35.869583; 14.506806Coordinates: 35xc2xb052xe2x80xb210.5xe2x80xb3N 14xc2xb030xe2x80xb224.5xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf35.869583xc2xb0N 14.506806xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 35.869583; 14.506806Area500m2HistoryMaterialLimestoneFoundedc.4000 BC (earliest remains)Abandonedc.2500 BCPeriodsSaflieni phaseSite notesExcavationxc2xa0dates1903xe2x80x931908, 1990xe2x80x931993ArchaeologistsManuel MagriThemistocles ZammitConditionPreserved and restored in 2017OwnershipGovernment of MaltaManagementHeritage MaltaPublicxc2xa0accessYes (limited)WebsiteHeritage Malta UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial namexc4xa6al Saflieni HypogeumTypeCulturalCriteriaiiiDesignated1980 (4th session)Referencexc2xa0no.130RegionEurope and North America | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum of xc4xa6al Saflieni is a Neolithic subterranean structure dating to the Saflieni phase (3300 xe2x80x93 3000 BC) in Maltese prehistory, located in Paola, Malta. | WIKI |
| It is often simply referred to as the Hypogeum (Maltese: Ipoxc4xa1ew), literally meaning "underground" in Greek. | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum is thought to have been a sanctuary and necropolis, with the remains of more than 7,000 people documented by archeologists,[1] and is among the best preserved examples of the Maltese temple building culture that also produced the Megalithic Temples and Xagxc4xa7ra Stone Circle. | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum was discovered by accident in 1902 when workers cutting cisterns for a new housing development broke through its roof. | WIKI |
| [4] During the excavations, a portion of the contents of the Hypogeum, including grave goods and human remains, were emptied out and discarded without being properly catalogued. | WIKI |
| [5] To confound things further, Magri died in 1907 while conducting missionary work in Tunisia and his report on the Hypogeum was lost. | WIKI |
| [6] The Hypogeum was first opened to visitors in 1908 while the excavations were ongoing. | WIKI |
| The four houses built on the site of the hypogeum were demolished to build the museum. | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum reopened in May 2017 after closing for a year to improve its environmental management system. | WIKI |
| Site map of the Hypogeum made in October 1907 | WIKI |
| Later archeological excavations indicate there was once a surface shrine that marked the entrance to the Hypogeum, with its subsequent destruction likely shielding the lower structure from discovery for thousands of years. | WIKI |
| [2][10] Nothing remains of any potential enclosure that would have marked the entry to the Hypogeum. | WIKI |
| [10] Burial chambers in the upper level of the Hypogeum date from the early phases of the Maltese Temple Period, with lower chambers dating from later. | WIKI |
| A resonance niche cut in the middle chamber, called the Oracle Room, was possibly designed to project chanting or drumming throughout the rest of the Hypogeum. | WIKI |
| The remains of some 7,000 individuals were found in the Hypogeum, and though many of the bones were lost early in excavation, most of the skulls were deposited at the National Museum. | WIKI |
| [14] A small percentage of the skulls have an abnormal cranial elongation, similar to priestly skulls from Ancient Egypt, fueling speculation about the people who occupied the Hypogeum, and their practices and beliefs. | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum was then closed to visitors between 1991 and 2000 for restoration works; and since its reopening, Heritage Malta (the government body that looks after historical sites) allows entry to only 80 people per day, while the site's microclimate is strictly regulated. | WIKI |
| [16][17] Scientific research on the Hypogeum is ongoing, and in 2014, an international team of scientists visited to study acoustics. | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum is constructed entirely underground and consists of three superimposed levels hewn into soft globigerina limestone, with its halls and chambers interconnected through a labyrinthine series of steps, lintels and doorways. | WIKI |
| Holy of Holies: Perhaps the central structure of the Hypogeum, this room appeares to be oriented toward the winter solstice, which would have illuminated its facade from the original surface opening. | WIKI |
| The Hypogeum and its museum are a popular attraction in Malta. | WIKI |
| The renovated museum was inaugurated by Minister for Culture on 28 April 2017 and includes a new climate control system for the Hypogeum as well as an expanded visitor centre. | WIKI |
| The xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum (underground cemetery) was discovered in 1902 on a hill overlooking the innermost part of the Grand Harbour of Valletta, in the town of Paola. | UNESCO |
| Originally, one entered the xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum through a structure at ground level. | UNESCO |
| The plan of the Hypogeum itself is a series of three superimposed levels of chambers cut into soft globigerina limestone, using only chert, flint and obsidian tools and antlers. | UNESCO |
| One of the most striking characteristics of the xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum is that some of the chambers appear to have been cut in imitation of the architecture of the contemporary, above-ground megalithic temples. | UNESCO |
| Excavation of the xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum produced a wealth of archaeological material, including numerous human bones, which suggests that the burial ritual had more than one stage. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iii): The xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum is a unique monument of exceptional value. | UNESCO |
| The xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum is one of the best preserved and most extensive environments that have survived from the Neolithic. | UNESCO |
| The main threats to the preservation of the xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum are the fluctuating temperature and relative humidity levels within the site, as well as water infiltration and biological infestations. | UNESCO |
| The xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum is one of the two most important prehistoric burial sites in the Maltese islands and is very well preserved, unlike the fragmentary remains that usually survive from the above-ground structures of this period. | UNESCO |
| The xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum has also yielded several important artefacts of great artistic significance. | UNESCO |
| The xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum is protected by a buffer zone, and both the xc4xa6al Saflieni Hypogeum and its buffer zone are formally designated by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority as a Gradexc2xa0A archaeological site, which means they are subject to wide-ranging restrictions of building development. | UNESCO |
| A programme of monitoring and research, launched in order to understand the microclimate of the Hypogeum, was followed by a project for the conservation of the property, designed and implemented in the 1990s. | UNESCO |